Cycles Approach
Multiple Oppositions
Multiple Oppositions is an approach that can be used for children with issues in phonology. This approach is best targeted to children who use 3 or more phonological patterns. This approach is for children who collapse phonemes, and are typically severe. Multiple Oppositions addressed the global problem across a range of phonemes. The clinician should pick targets that are maximally different.
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The clinician can target multiple goals at a time (horizontal organization). Response level can be in imitation and produced spontaneously (imitation and spontaneous phases). The client should have knowledge of their performance and understanding of their phonological production. A speech language pathologist is required to carry out this intervention, but a teacher and parent can also be utilized. Activities should be structured, but can also be in a naturalistic setting to encourage client participation.

Session frequency is recommended to be 3X/week, for approximately 60 minutes in duration. However, it was also noted that children progressed when this intervention was implemented once a week for 60 minutes, for about 8 weeks. The child must reach 70% accuracy over two consecutive sessions with the production of all sounds across a rule set before moving from the imitation to spontaneous production phase.
Resources:
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Sugden, E., Baker, E., Williams, L. A., Munro, N., & Trivette, C. M. (2019, November 25). Evaluation of Parent- and Speech-Language Pathologist–Delivered Multiple Oppositions Intervention for Children with Phonological Impairment: A Multiple-Baseline Design Study. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 29(1), 111-126. doi:10.1044/2019_AJSLP-18-0248
Williams, L. A. (2000, November). Multiple Oppositions Theoretical Foundations for an Alternative Contrastive Intervention Approach. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 9(4), 282-288. doi:10.1044/1058-0360.0904.282
Williams, L. A. (2000, November). Multiple Oppositions: Case Studies of Variables in Phonological Intervention. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 9(4), 289-299. doi:10.1044/1058-0360.0904.289